30^th International Conference on Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Nursing June 22-23, 2020 Prague, Czech Republic

\r\n Pediatric Psychology deals with medical and health problems of children, adolescents, and their families, all together in collaboration with health care providers and specialists in child psychology. The challenges in Pediatric psychology involve psychological, developmental, contextual, psychosocial factors, behavioural, educational, and child management issues. In deep it also deals with chronic and acute illnesses, adherence, quality of life, pain, traumatic medical stress, and adjustment related issues on the psycho-social continuum, school reintegration, and behavioural problems.

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\r\n Pediatrics Medical Emergency is a composite study of general pediatrics and medical emergency. This study provides the complete care process to take care of children who are in requirement of quick medical attention. Pediatric Medical Emergency, most unexpected health issues are respiratory related asthma and including others like dehydration, seizures, and anaphylaxis. Respiratory failures, severe trauma, foreign body/obstructed the airway, shock, meningitis, sepsis, and apnea observed in many cases.

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\r\n The study of children skin titles as Pediatric Dermatology and deals with the disorders, infections and injuries. Complete care and diagnosis involve medication and therapies and surgeries such as laser therapy and cutaneous surgery. The various skin disorders include birthmarks, skin infections, dermatitis, melanocytic nevi, genodermatoses, acne form eruptions, rare forms of skin cancers, drug eruptions, viral exanthems, and collagen vascular disorders.

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\r\n The Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) unit is a special place where the new-born ill children provided with close monitoring and special intensive care. The NICU contains high end technical and sophisticated monitoring devices and equipment and this is staffed by well trained to deliver critical care. Notably NICUs are units designed for the intensive care of adults, infants, children, or new-borns. These NICUs provides the provision of intensive nursing and medical care of critically ill children, characterized by the high quality and quantity of continuous nursing and medical supervision and by use of sophisticated monitoring and resuscitative equipment.

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\r\n Vaccination is the highly remarkable progress in overcoming health issues. These vaccines help protect infants, children, and teens from serious diseases before it occurs by developing immunity. The vaccination should be done early in life, soon after birth accordingly. Vaccination will give best results when implemented at a particular age of a child. There are some common diseases getting vanished with proper vaccination such as measles, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and more. Mainly there are four types of vaccines,

\r\n Live-Attenuated Vaccines

\r\n Inactivated Vaccines

\r\n Toxoid Vaccines

\r\n Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide, and Conjugate Vaccines

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\r\n Pediatrics Surgery undergoes diagnosis, treatment, and managing the children’s surgical needs. The surgery specialistsdeals with children are Pediatric Surgeons, provides postoperative surgical care to them from parental diagnosis through adolescents with congenital, acquired anomalies, tumours, trauma, and urologic problems as well. The pediartic surgery subsumes the developments in fetal surgery, adolescent bariatric surgery, minimally invasive surgery in children, and tissue engineering takes childhood surgery a step forward.

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\r\n The pediatric immunology explores about the immune system disorders and deficiencies in infants, children, and adolescents. The general mechanism of immune system is only the reaction to the penetration of harm causing microorganisms into our body. Beyond developing immunity levels towards a disease or disorder  its extremes are called as autoimmunity levels, a state where the body reacts to antigens in its own body as if they were foreign substances altogether.

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\r\n Pediatric Genetics is a subspecialty under a medical class Genetics, further classified on basis of age differentiation. In general, the genetic disorders will affect to any age group. In pediatric genetics, provides diagnostic services and genetic counselling to the child with a risk based on genes. The well-known genetic disorders are,

\r\n Chromosomal Abnormalities

\r\n Cystic Fibrosis

\r\n Muscular Dystrophy

\r\n Huntington's disease

\r\n Sickle Cell Disease

\r\n Familial Cancer

\r\n Cancer-Prone Syndromes and

\r\n Hereditary Birth Defects

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\r\n The Pediatric urology is one of the key topics under surgery dealing with the disorders of genitourinary organs. The specialists dealing this subject are called Pediatric Urologists, will provides care and diagnosis to the infants, children, and adolescents. The highly treated diseases are,

\r\n Cryptorchidism

\r\n Urinary Incontinence

\r\n Chordee

\r\n Phimosis

\r\n Urinary Obstruction &Vesicoureteral Reflux

\r\n Neurogenic Bladder

\r\n Genitourinary Malformations and Birth Defects

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\r\n Pediatric orthopaedics is an efficient subject deal with musculoskeletal problems in children and will be differ from the adults. It deeply evaluates and treats the bone or joint or muscle problems in a child who is still growing. As the child’s body is in a growing stage may responds quickly to injuries, infections, and deformities. In pediatric orthopaedics the diagnosis to a child will be different from an adult, even for the same problem. General orthopaedic surgeries happens in children are,

\r\n Limb and spine deformities noted at birth or after birth.

\r\n Gait abnormalities

\r\n Broken bones

\r\n Bone or joint infections and tumours

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\r\n Pediatric Dentistry also referred as Pedodontics’ mainly concerned with the teeth and associated structures of the oral cavity, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and restoration of defective and missing teeth. It provides primary and comprehensive preventive and therapeutic oral health care for infants and children through adolescents as well.    

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\r\n The case reports are the source of knowledge regarding a disease and diagnosis in initial days. A clinical case report contains complete information about disease symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups of the patient. Case reports also helpful for clinical practices which offer a framework for early signs of effectiveness and adverse activities. A case report is an initial document which help finds key signs and symptoms to make future diagnoses simpler.

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A branch of medicine deals with the management and neonatal healthcare, including physical, behavior, and mental health issues. It also involves in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood illnesses, from minor health problems to serious diseases till the age of 21. A child growth and development involve the growth in physic, organ development, functional maturation, and cognitive, motor and emotional development.

\r\n A pediatric otolaryngologist deals the diseased conditions of ear, nose, throat, as they are the most delicate organs in the developing external organs. This subspecialty completely involves in the diagnosing the disorders and diseases of ENT related structures, head and neck, including the sinuses, larynx (voice box), oral cavity, and upper pharynx (mouth and throat) also includes otology/neurotology (ears, balance, and tinnitus), allergy, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, head and neck, laryngology (throat), and rhinology (nose). The specialist treats these conditions called as Pediatric Otolaryngologist; he provides care for the diverse range of conditions by using both medical and surgical skills to treat the diseased.

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\r\n Nutrition is a crucial element to the developing body, the pediatrics. The perfect nutrition accomplishes the developing brains and bodies enabling them to influence their full potential. Also, the poor eating habits and medical conditions such as allergies, celiac disease or diabetes, can impair a child's lifelong health if left unchecked. Pediatric dieticians work with children, and their parents and caregivers, to ascertain smart dietary habits.

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\r\n Rehabilitation is required to the persons with irregularities in the physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological, and social functional levels. These irregularities mostly occur by birth as hereditary or due to neurological disorders, brain injuries, and spinal cord injuries. The diagnoses are electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS), the drug at an equivalent time, poor ingestion habits, or medical conditions like allergies, disorder or polygenic disease, will impair a child's womb-to-tomb health if left unrestrained. Medical dieticians work with youngsters, and their oldsters and caregivers, to ascertain smart dietary habits Botulinum toxin. Some of the conditions can be treated under pediatric rehabilitation are,

\r\n Cerebral Palsy

\r\n Autism

\r\n Down syndrome

\r\n Muscular Dystrophy

\r\n Spina Bifida

\r\n Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

\r\n Arthrogryposis

\r\n Cardio-Pulmonary Disorders

\r\n Cystic Fibrosis

\r\n Cancer and Traumatic Brain Injury

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\r\n Pediatric Nursing is a medical practice focused on the care of newborns, infants, and adolescents along with their families. This subspecialty is especially embracing all scientific disciplines in eliminating suffering and improving child health. Prevention and health education are the key factors of pediatric nursing. Pediatric nursing is a very special vocation which provides an opportunity to play a key role in a child’s life when that child needs care at the most.

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\r\n Pediatric Radiology is one of the subjects’ deals with diagnostic radiology mainly focused on children. The main suscepts to the adverse effects of radiology are adolescents as they are developing bodies. The radiology helps in the quick diagnosis to the conditions like appendicitis, pneumonia, trauma, and cancer forms.

\r\n Techniques employed in Pediatric Radiology are;

\r\n •    X-Ray

\r\n •    Ultrasound

\r\n •    CT Scanning

\r\n •    MRI Scanning

\r\n •    Nuclear Medicine

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\r\n Every cell in the body has its own controlled system for growth, interaction, and lifespan. When a cell loses its growth control, interaction levels, it undergoes uncontrolled and irregular cell division or growth results in cancer. This cancer effects to any age group of people but the diagnosis will be differs based on the age group. Here in children, the cancer is studied as Pediatric Oncology. Children can be affected by cancer to any parts of the body and these childhood cancers occur in sudden without any symptoms but have a high rate of cure. In children the mostly listed type is leukemia and others include brain tumors, lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcoma. The diagnosis depends on the type of cancer and how advanced it is. Here are some types of diagnosis,

\r\n Surgery

\r\n Radiation therapy

\r\n Chemotherapy

\r\n Stem cell transplants

\r\n Targeted therapy

\r\n The subspecialty Pediatric Neurology deals with neurological and neuromuscular disorders in infants, neonates, children and adolescents. In this age group the pediatric neurology girdles diseases and disorders of the spinal cord, brain, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, muscles, and blood vessels.

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\r\n Pediatric Cardiology represents the heart diseases in children. It is comprised of congenital and acquired heart diseases. The diagnosis involves effective medical and surgical therapies.

\r\n Cardiac malformations are one of the major birth defects which affect the infant mortality rate.

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Child Abuse -An action or omission of action which impacts negativity on the social and mental wellbeing of a child. The Child Abuse is also called Child Maltreatment, which explained that the words or overt actions causing a potential harm or threatening harm to a child. It is also defined as an activity when a child needs protective intervention.

These days the diagnosis for a diseased became proficient and applied concern. The medications used for treatment are carrying adverse effects till the site of action resulting, unlike diseases. In case of pediatrics, the developing stages are at basic levels with a low caliber of immunity, considering these measures the prevention of diseases the best-implied technique to save the new-born, infants, and adolescents from the noted threats.  New morbidities, cross-cultural issues, cost-effectiveness, quality of care, and practice in managed care and other community settings are some of the simple techniques in preventive measures.

It is a medical subspecialty involved in providing preventative health maintenance for healthy children and medical care for the children who are ill and diseased. This subspecialty in deep diagnoses and treats the infections, injuries, genetic defects, diseases and dysfunctions.